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一 |     London, Oct 18 (UNI) "The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida" by Sri Lankan Shehan Karunatilaka, a supernatural satire set amid a murderous civil war in the island nation, has won the Booker Prize.

The novel is about a photographer who wakes up dead, with a week to ask his friends to find his photos and expose the brutality of war, BBC and other media reported.

Camilla, the Queen Consort, presented the prize, and the author said it had been "an honour and a privilege" to be on the shortlist.

Karunatilaka said as he accepted his prize: "My hope is that in the not too distant future... Sri Lanka has understood that these ideas of corruption and race-baiting and cronyism have not worked and will never work."

The writer said he decided in 2009 to write "a ghost story where the dead could offer their perspective" after the end of the Sri Lankan civil war, "when there was a raging debate over how many civilians died and whose fault it was".

"I hope it's in print in 10 years... if it is, I hope it's written in a Sri Lanka that learns from its stories, and that Seven Moons will be in the fantasy section of the bookshop, next to the dragons, the unicorns and will not be mistaken for realism or political satire," the BBC reported

He added that he had "self-censored" a couple of short stories after author Salman Rushdie was stabbed in August, having faced years of death threats for his novel "The Satanic Verses", which some Muslims see as blasphemous.

"I was in the process of publishing a collection of short stories when this incident happened, and I discovered a couple which I don't think was offensive to any religion," Karunatilaka said.

"But my wife said, can you not do that? You've got two young kids. This story is not that good. Just leave it out."

He added that "this is something that hangs over all of us if we're writing in South Asia, especially writing about politics or religion", the BBC said.

Head judge Neil MacGregor praised the "scope and the skill, the daring, the audacity and hilarity" of the novel, calling it an "afterlife noir" which "takes the reader on a rollercoaster journey through life and death".

He said the judges' decision had been unanimous, adding all of the shortlisted books were "all really about one question, and that is what's the point of an individual life?"

The prestigious £50,000 prize, for a single work of fiction published in the UK in English, also gives the other five writers on the shortlist £2,500 each.

"The Seven Moons of Maali" is Karunatilaka's second novel, having previously won awards including the Commonwealth Book Prize for his debut book Chinaman, which was called the "second best cricket book of all time" by cricketers' almanac Wisden.

Born in 1975, the writer has also worked as an advertising copywriter, and his songs, scripts and stories have been published in Rolling Stone, GQ and National Geographic.

MacGregor, a former director of London's National Gallery and the British Museum, added that the judges read all 170 books put forward for the prize, then whittled them down to 30. They then re-read those, before deciding on the final six, which they read for a third time, the report said.

The other nominees were: "Glory" by NoViolet Bulawayo, "The Trees" by Percival Everett, "Treacle Walker" by Alan Garner, "Small Things Like These" by Claire Keegan and "Oh William!" by Elizabeth Strout.

The Booker-winning novel tells the story of the photographer of its title, who in 1990 wakes up dead in what seems like a celestial visa office. With no idea who killed him, Maali has seven moons to contact the people he loves most and lead them to a hidden cache of photos of civil war atrocities that will rock Sri Lanka, the Daily Mirror reported.

The judges were unanimous in their decision to award the prize to Karunatilaka, according to the chair.

Receiving his prize, Karunatilaka addressed the people of Sri Lanka in Tamil and Sinhalese. He summarised what he said in English: “I write these books for you… Let’s keep sharing these stories.”

The Seven Moons of Maali Almeida is published by the independent press Sort of Books. This year is the first time a book by the publisher has been longlisted for the prize.

Karunatilaka has become the second Sri Lankan-born author to win, following Michael Ondaatje, who won in 1992 with "The English Patient".

In his Guardian review, Tomiwa Owolade said the book’s “scenarios are often absurd … but executed with a humour and pathos that ground the reader”. He added: “Karunatilaka has done artistic justice to a terrible period in his country’s history.”

Karunatilaka, was born in Galle, Sri Lanka, in 1975 and grew up in Colombo.

UNI MR。北京时间1月16日，据外媒报道，每个人都知道达芬奇名画《蒙娜丽莎》中的女子似乎在回望观众的眼睛，无论观众在哪里看这幅画，蒙娜丽莎的眼睛似乎都在跟着自己。但事实并非如此。

二 | 蒙娜丽莎的眼睛实际上并不跟随周围的观察者。一项新的研究发现，蒙娜丽莎的目光实际上落在观察者的右侧15.4度，远远超出了通常让你觉得有人在盯着我的角度。德国bilefield大学的知觉心理学家、该研究的作者Gernot Horstmann说：“她没有在看你。”不真实的“蒙娜丽莎效应”有点讽刺，因为肖像或照片中的人似乎跟随观察者的运动的现象被准确地称为“蒙娜丽莎效应”。霍斯曼说这种效应确实存在。如果肖像或照片中的人直视前方，即使有人站在某个角度看照片，他或她也会感到肖像或照片中的人正盯着自己。只要观察者偏离不超过5度的角度，蒙娜丽莎效应就会发生。

三 | 这对观众与屏幕人物的互动具有重要意义。如果你想让坐在房间右侧的观众感觉屏幕上的角色在看自己，不要让角色朝那个方向看，否则观众会觉得角色没有在看房间里的任何人。为了达到这个效果，人们应该直视前方。Horstmann与合作作者Sebastian Loth一起研究了这种效应在创造人工智能“替代物”中的应用。在这个过程中，霍斯曼长时间地看着蒙娜丽莎，终于意识到了一个问题。”我意识到：“等一下，她没有盯着我看。为了确保这不是为了他们自己，研究人员让24名受试者在电脑屏幕上观看蒙娜丽莎的照片。他们在观看者和屏幕之间放置了一把尺子，让受试者指出尺子和蒙娜丽莎眼睛交叉处的数字。为了测试照片中的其他元素是否影响观众对蒙娜丽莎眼睛的感知，研究人员放大了镜头。有时观众可以看到蒙娜丽莎的整个脸，有时只能看到眼睛和鼻子。

四 | 另外，为了计算蒙娜丽莎眼睛的角度，研究人员在实验中途改变了尺子和屏幕之间的距离。这样就可以得到两个交点，从而计算出角度。《蒙娜丽莎》的研究结果表明，所有受试者都认为《蒙娜丽莎》中的人物并不是直接看自己，而是稍微看自己的右边。

五 | ”“蒙娜丽莎的观点显然超出了你通常会觉得有人盯着你看的感觉。”霍斯曼指出。那么，为什么人们总是相信蒙娜丽莎的眼睛会随着她的观察者四处移动呢？霍斯曼对此并不确定，但他相信人们都有关注的欲望，所以他们认为照片中的女人正盯着自己。也许是因为最初提出“蒙娜丽莎效应”这个词的人认为这很酷。

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